https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8 When I visited Bulgaria I tried to communicate in Serbian language with the Bulgars. JohnUK. Glad to hear you are steering clear of it. There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. . As a non-Ukrainian (as well as non-Polish) native speaker, I can understand Ukrainian through Polish more easily than Russian, even though I actually studied Russian formally, but never Ukrainian-:) . I believe Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. Other Western Slovak speakers (Bratislava) say that Eastern Slovak (Kosice) is hard to understand. Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages . Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Russian has low intelligibility with Czech and Slovak, maybe 30%. But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. WORD. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. However, all three languages - Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian - are in part mutually intelligible, and already knowing one can help a lot if you want to learn one of the . Both me and her had a much easier time following the Rusyn dialects than standard Ukrainian (although they were by no means completely comprehensible). Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. Its also said that Serbo-Croatian can understand Bulgarian and Macedonian, but this is not true. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Most of the Ukrainian speakers who do not speak Russian are in Canada at the moment. For me personally, Serbian is very interesting, because it sounds like Macedonian, but a bit different because of the declensions. Maybe I could offer you somehow help? While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? can take anywhere. It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. Nevertheless, most Bulgarians over the age of 30-35 understand Russian well since studying Russian was mandatory under Communism. For instance, in 1932, Ukrainian g was eliminated from the alphabet in order to make Ukrainian h correspond perfectly with Russian g. After 1991, the g returned to Ukrainian. Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian . There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. FluentU is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The Chinese language, on the other hand, is comprised of a number of dialects that arent always mutually intelligible. I also run a YouTube channel where I try to put the differences within the Croatias borders online since many whove seen them were surprised (or shocked). What language is closest to Polish? Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. The President outlines the role played by a former London public schoolboy, Omar Sheikh, in the kidnap and murder of Daniel Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter, in February 2002. Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. Maybe it is true for two persons from the opposite end of the dialect continium (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Strumica), that have never been out of their villages and try to communicate on their respective native dialects. I can randomly pick up another paragraph from that Wikipedia page, and it would be harder: Regular speech is generally quite fast. http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. The real reason that Slavs cant even understand each other: not enough vowels in their tongues! Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Basically, when you are listening to Bulgarians, you only hear an incomprehensible row of ta-jat-to-ta-jat-ta-to-ta. Ni Torlak uses a definite suffix, -ta/-to/-ti/-te/-ta (fem.sg/neu.sg/masc.pl/fem.pl/neu.pl), but less frequently than Macedonian does, and only in the nominative; it doesnt have a distance contrast as it does in standard Macedonian but it isnt even present in Serbian to begin with And the same problem emerges in other situations. Writing in Chakavian started very early in the Middle Ages and began to slow down in the 1500s when writing in Kajkavian began to rise. The latter is heavily mixed with Shtokavian. My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. Silesian or Upper Silesian is also a separate language spoken in Poland, often thought to be halfway between Polish and Czech. To some extent, Russian, Rusyn, Ukrainian, and Belarusian retain a degree of mutual intelligibility. I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. It shows that Macedonians indeed grew up to certain extent as bilingual Macedonian-Serbian. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. Some people in Croatia asked me if I speak Kajkavian when I spoke Slovenian with my friends. Can Ukrainians and Polish understand each other? For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. Czechs see Slovaks as country bumpkins backwards and folksy but optimistic, outgoing and friendly. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. Russian. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. His wife had never been to Poland and her language was completely foreign to me. Czech: 10% They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. Standard Czech and standard Slovak is almost totally intelligible (I would say about 90%) only very few words are of different origin. I am a native Czech speaker, I understand Slovak (a lot of exposure, many visits, many colleagues) and Russian (studied at school, many visits) in all three languages I am close 100% understanding of news, yet for Polish, Ukrainian and Croat I would rate my understanding at 15-20%, with no significant improvement just from being in the country (I have spent in total about 20 weeks in Croatia, 4 in Ukraine, 3 in Poland). If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. In the Kievan Rus', Russian and Ukrainian were dialects of the same language, meaning that they were largely mutually intelligible with only minor vocabulary or grammatical differences. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) Do you speak Ukrainian. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. Some reports say there is difficult intelligibility between Ekavian Chakavian in the north and Ikavian Chakavian in the far south, but speakers of Labin Ekavian in the far north say they can understand the Southeastern Istrian speech of the southern islands very well (Jembrigh 2014). Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian language. Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. . Croatian (Stokavski): 98% Sign languages are independent of spoken languages and follow their own paths of development. On the other side, i.e. Some say it is a part of Czech, but more likely it is a part of Polish like Silesian. Ja u da radim is a form more related to Macedonian and south eastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . Spanish and Catalan have a lexical similarity of 85%. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. Chakavian has 82% intelligibility of Kajkavian. These attacks killed over 200 people. Thanks for clearing this up! It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? However, my girlfriend never ever says these words and rather uses on and ona just like in Serbian. Its true that Slavic languages are not intelligible in the taking-the-first-person-from-the-street-and-making-them-listen-to-a-random-conversation way, that is, an average Slavic speaker with an untrained ear and little to no exposure to other Slavic languages will have difficulty understanding other Slavic languages. They understand almost nothing. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. And the 25% is very low. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. [2], Because of the difficulty of imposing boundaries on a continuum, various counts of the Romance languages are given; in The Linguasphere register of the worlds languages and speech communities David Dalby lists 23 based on mutual intelligibility:[13]. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. slavic mutual newspaper I got that figure from a Serb. In writing, German is also somewhat mutually intelligible with Dutch. This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). This is a political point, of course. The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. This is simply not the case. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. In addition, Balachka language associations believe it is a separate language. Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. I also worked in a resteraunt with lots of west and south slavs there and I have to say that Serbian and crotian has a lot of ilarities with Slovak. For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. Later I found out that Slovenian and Bulgarian/Macedonian are all south Slavic languages while Serbian language is actually a western Slavic language like Slovak/Czech/Polish. But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! French has 89% lexical similarity with Italian, 80% similarity with Sardinian (spoken on the Italian island of Sardinia), 78% similarity with Romansh (spoken in parts of Switzerland) and 75% similarity with Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. Even the basic words are almost the same. This list focuses on common languages widely thought to be at least partially and mutually intelligible. I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . Its vocabulary and grammar has enough similarities for Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians to understand each other well, whereas Russians understand only will recognise separate words. I must confess that as a Czech, I understand only little, what the Macedonian reporter is saying, and when I was listening to the first guy from Bosnia (Izetbegovi), I was often lost, understanding only slightly more, maybe 20-30%. This gives rise to claims of Macedonians being able to understand Serbo-Croatian very well, however, much of this may be due to bilingual learning. So I understood all but one word (), and Google Translator indeed confirms that my guess was right and it means also. 60%? Bulgarian has 80% intelligibility of Macedonian, 41% of Russian, and 5% of Polish and Czech. Price, Glanville (1971), French Language: Present and Past, Jameson Books, Pope, Mildred K. From Latin to French, with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. Pannonian Rusyn is actually a part of Slovak, and Rusyn proper is really a part of Ukrainian. Belarussian has 80% intelligibility of Ukrainian and 55% of Polish. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Maybe its a lack of vocabulary, but I havent heard that word from someone personally yet. What about USAs dialects. Macedonian I can understand better, and Im going to say that my comprehension of it used to lie somewhere between 90 and 95%, and Im going to cite 98% for my present knowledge theres a lot of technical vocabulary that takes a while to grasp, and a few words that I cant make sense of no matter how hard I try, but most of the differences are more marginal than between standard Serbian and Macedonian: Macedonian 40 % spoken, 60 % written It may have been split from Polish for up to 800 years, where it underwent heavy German influence. And Shtokavian is dialect of Serbian language. In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. An example of equal treatment of Malaysian and Indonesian: the, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, North Germanic languages Mutual intelligibility, Learn how and when to remove this template message, considered separate languages only for political reasons, "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education", "The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages", "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects", "uvalar: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic Languages", "Mutual Comprehensibility of Written Afrikaans and Dutch: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical? I have no idea, what Sledva da se otbelei, e tova means. Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Every major language has some dialects Also both sides are able to use standard Slovak. Russian: 15% spoken, 25% written Yes of course. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. From some reason, the Hutsul, Lemko, andBoiko dialects of the Rusyn language are much more comprehensible to Russians than Standard Ukrainian is. I will tell you also this: In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. [1] I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. It is best seen as a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Russia specifically, it is markedly similar to the Poltavian dialect of Ukrainian spoken in Poltava in Central Ukraine. Bulharsk jazyk je plurocentrick jazyk m nkolik kninch norem. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. You cannot simply separate the articles from the words during a regular conversation. Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. Have every heard of Dubrovnik dialect? Im The Lizard King, I Can Do Anything! If you know Polish, you're likely to understand a little Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages, but this doesn't mean that the languages are mutually intelligible. Email me and give me your name please and I will use you in the paper. English professor.